Marvel: I traveled through time a little early

Chapter 44 Laboratory Establishment

In the afternoon in the dean's office, the school approved the application for cooperation in establishing a research laboratory.It was also agreed that George would fund the establishment of the laboratory and the school would provide certain support, including allowing the laboratory to hire teachers to participate in project research.Then George also hired Osborne as the project leader of the laboratory. Of course, George would declare the project.If results come out, then the school and Osborne will have the right to reputation, and George will have all the economic benefits.

This is only a verbal agreement and needs to be implemented into a contract as soon as possible.Before each new drug is actually launched on the market, it takes several or more years of hard work to meet the marketing standards.In addition to pharmacological research, it also includes clinical experiments and other levels.

The main reason why George went to college was to develop penicillin.Collaborating with universities on research can help George get a lot of help in terms of time and policies.

The school generally pays attention to reputational things, which does not conflict with his own emphasis on economic interests, so a good basis for cooperation can be achieved.Besides, this research is still in the project application stage, and no one can yet see the economic benefits of this technology in the future.Therefore, as the actual sponsor of the laboratory, it is reasonable for George to enjoy all economic rights.

Two days later, in the school conference room, the two parties signed a cooperation agreement.George also signed a confidentiality agreement with Osborne.

Only then did George feel relieved. Faced with something that could save countless lives in the future, George couldn't help but feel rude.

In a previous life, the British bacteriologist Fleming first discovered penicillin, the world's first antibiotic, in 1928. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin due to a lucky mistake.

While Fleming was on vacation in the summer of 1928, he forgot about the bacteria growing in petri dishes in the laboratory. When he returned to the laboratory three weeks later, he noticed a cluster of green-green mold growing in a Petri dish of Staphylococcus aureus that had been accidentally exposed to the air.Fleming discovered that Penicillium can secrete a substance that kills bacteria. He named this substance "penicillin", but he failed to purify it for clinical use.

In 1929, Fleming published his research results. Unfortunately, this paper has not been taken seriously by the scientific community since its publication.

In 1938, German chemist Ernst Chain saw Fleming's paper in a pile of old books, so he began to do purification experiments.

When Fleming looked at the petri dish under a microscope, he noticed that the staphylococcal colonies surrounding the mold had been lysed.This means that some kind of secretion from the mold inhibits Staphylococcus aureus.Subsequent identification showed that the above-mentioned mold was Penicillium punctata, so Fleming named the bacteriostatic substance it secreted penicillin.Unfortunately, Fleming had never been able to find a method to extract high-purity penicillin, so he cultivated Penicillium punctata strains from generation to generation, and in 1939 provided the strains to the British pathologist Flo, who was preparing to systematically study penicillin. Li and biochemist Qian En.

Florey and Chain repeated the experiment with penicillin in 1940.They injected eight mice with a lethal dose of strep bacteria and then treated four of them with penicillin.Within a few hours, only the four mice treated with penicillin were still alive and well.Since then, a series of clinical experiments have confirmed the efficacy of penicillin in treating various bacterial infections such as Streptococcus and diphtheriae.The reason why penicillin can kill bacteria without damaging human cells is that the penicillane contained in penicillin can hinder the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causing the bacteria to dissolve and die, while human and animal cells do not have cell walls.

In the winter of 1940, Qian En refined a little bit of penicillin. Although this was a major breakthrough, it was still far from clinical application.

In 1941, the baton for penicillin purification passed to Australian pathologist Walter Flory.With the assistance of the U.S. military, Flory isolated bacterial strains from soil brought back from airports in various countries when pilots were on missions, increasing the production of penicillin from 2 units per cubic centimeter to 40 units.

Around 1941, Howard Florey, a pathologist at the University of Oxford in England, and Qian, a biochemist, separated and purified penicillin and discovered its efficacy against infectious diseases. However, penicillin can cause allergic reactions in some people, so it is difficult to apply it. A skin test must be done before.Most of the antibiotics used are extracted from microbial culture fluid, and some antibiotics can be synthesized artificially.Since different types of antibiotics have different chemical compositions, their mechanisms of action on microorganisms are also very different. Some inhibit protein synthesis, some inhibit nucleic acid synthesis, and some inhibit cell wall synthesis.

After a period of intense experimentation, Flory and Qian finally extracted penicillin crystals by freeze-drying.Afterwards, Flory found a mold that could extract a large amount of penicillin on a melon, and prepared a corresponding culture solution with corn flour.Driven by these research results, American pharmaceutical companies began mass production of penicillin in 1942.

By 1943, pharmaceutical companies had discovered a way to mass-produce penicillin.Britain and the United States were at war with Nazi Germany at the time.This new drug is very effective in controlling wound infections.

In October 1943, Flory signed the first batch of penicillin production contracts with the U.S. military.Penicillin came out at the end of World War II and quickly turned the war situation for the Allies.After the war, penicillin was widely used and saved tens of millions of lives.By 10, supplies of the drug were sufficient to treat all Allied soldiers fighting during World War II.Because of this great invention, in 1944, Fleming, Flory and Chain jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "the discovery of penicillin and its clinical utility".

Penicillin is an important antibiotic with high efficiency, low toxicity and wide clinical application.Its successful development greatly enhanced human beings' ability to resist bacterial infections and led to the birth of the antibiotic family.Its emergence ushered in a new era of treating diseases with antibiotics.

In this life, George has almost completely mastered all the key points, and the development of penicillin must go smoothly.How to keep this money tree is what I need to consider in the future.

Publish it for free, stop joking, let it be published so that other big pharmaceutical companies can make a fortune?In the last life, two production overlords in the pharmaceutical industry were created.

November arrived quietly, and the initial investment in the laboratory was very small.George provided funds, ideas and direction, and Osborne led some senior students to complete the specific observations.

George also used Saturday and Sunday to deliver drinks and made another $180 million.Now that the market has stabilized, the amount of funds that alcohol can provide George has basically stabilized.180 million dollars every month.Although it can be increased again, because George's time is limited, it is impossible to do nothing but buy wine, so there is no plan to increase sales for the time being.

On the 4th, I received a message from Morgan Bank saying that it was preparing to negotiate with Durant. If George is interested, he can participate together.George knew that he was about to divide the cake.

George asked for leave from school that day and returned to New York on the 5th.

Morgan Bank, George met Durant, Morgan Jr. and Pierre Samuel Dupont. George participated in the closed-door meeting as the last person.

After a two-hour meeting and discussion, George finally purchased Durant's 3900% stake in General Motors for US$12 million, and the two signed an agreement prepared in advance on the spot.George became the third largest shareholder of General Motors after the DuPont family and the Morgan family, owning 13.8% of the company's shares.

In fact, George only had to pay US$390 million as a deposit to get these shares.The remaining balance will be advanced by J.P. Morgan Securities Center on its behalf.

After signing the agreement, Durant left the field sadly, and none of the three got up to say goodbye.

Next, the three signed a contract for the new battery business.The three newly registered battery companies are jointly held by three companies. George holds 40% of the shares with technology, and the other two are responsible for production and sales.

Regarding the National Wells Bank of America, George owned all the shares of the bank for 4500 million US dollars. George borrowed 5000 million from Morgan Bank for the electric start, seat adjustment and headrest patents.After paying these two funds, there is still US$110 million.

George used the $110 million to buy a commercial radio station license and a complete set of radio stations from the DuPont family.

All three companies were happy. George was like a white wolf, using the future benefits of several patents to get shares of General Motors. You must know that by 1926, General Motors' stock had risen to US$210 per share.

Then through patent authorization, every future GM car will have 10% of the sales price as George's patent royalties.These profits are not included in share dividends.Of course, as a company in which he owns shares, George also promised that he would only license patents to other automobile manufacturing companies around the world after three months.

That night, the DuPont family held a grand banquet on Wall Street, because as Pierre DuPont took over the two positions of chairman and general manager, it represented that the DuPont family became the biggest winner of General Motors.George also became the second most popular person at the party.Many people came to meet this member who was the fastest to reach billion-level assets.

George also met many famous people from all walks of life through the banquet, which was very rewarding.He counted today's harvest as his belated birthday gift.This day should be very memorable for George.

The next day, DuPont's news was published in all newspapers in New York.What will be prosperous under the leadership of DuPont, there are also some reports that General Motors will adopt new technologies, etc.

George, the new billionaire, was only briefly introduced in the financial newspaper.The title used is still the luckiest young man.

After seeing these reports, George felt that this was the power of public opinion.Comparing DuPont's promotional methods, the stocks of companies related to DuPont will not rise sharply today, or at least they will not fall.The profits can be imagined.

George ignored that for the time being and came to the company to start sorting out the company's business with Paul.

Now George owns two companies in the military industry: Winchester and Panlong Airlines. At the US military ordering meeting in October, he successfully won a military order of 450 million yuan.The only orders are for Winchester's M1 Orwell rifle and Panlong Aviation's P29 and F4B fighter jets.The two companies began to make profits, but George did not withdraw this part of the profits, but invested it in research and development.

Two car companies, General Motors and Lincoln.General Motors had just acquired its shares, and George was not involved in its management, so he didn't need to ask anything.Lincoln has initially completed the modification of the production line and is preparing for production.For the time being, we still need to pay workers’ wages here every month, but workers’ wages are very low now, so tens of thousands of workers’ wages every month is not a problem at all.

Both Coca-Cola companies are now profitable, and Pepsi-Cola has completed its delisting.Now every month's profit is used by George to hire celebrity endorsements and publicity. This is to change the concept of Pepsi-Cola as a low-end drink as soon as possible. The time is still short and the effect has not been seen yet.

George also has five small home appliance companies, which are all temporarily maintained as they are, and George still needs to subsidize them every month.However, it is only part of the wages of workers, and the amount is not large.

As for the newly established Panlong Security Company, the recruitment of all personnel has been completed, and Ryan took 120 newly recruited security personnel to the winery for special training.George will also make a special trip this time to open the chakara seeds for all members.

Now the new ones taking over are Wells Fargo Bank and a newly registered Panlong Broadcasting Company.

Both of these two companies were unexpected in New York State and required George to personally conduct on-site inspections.

As for the two laboratories, the progress is relatively smooth, so they are still in the investment stage for the time being.

In terms of funds, after I started investing in the stock market in June, I still had more than 600 million yuan left. From June to November, the profit from drinks was more than 900 million yuan in six months, and I made 5000 yuan after closing the futures position. Ten thousand U.S. dollars, a principal of 1000 million U.S. dollars, and a patent loan of 5000 million U.S. dollars. In other words, a total of 1 million U.S. dollars was earned in the past six months, not counting the money from the novel.

But it also cost a lot. After purchasing so many companies, the total expenditure was a cash check of US$6800 million.There are also some daily expenses such as workers' wages, which are about 7000 million US dollars.

So now the company has a total of US$5500 million in funds on its account.The money is still in the Bank of America account.Of course, George could have paid in full for the GM stock, but there was no need.This is thanks to the leverage that still existed in the United States during this period. This economic policy did not begin to deleverage until 1930.

(End of this chapter)