Great Country Academician

One New Year, Xu Chuan stayed at home until Lantern Festival, Xu Xiao's girl had started school, and he hadn't left yet.

Originally, he planned to return to Jinling on the eighth day of the first lunar month, but the analysis of inertial neutrinos entered a critical point after the Chinese New Year.

For him, as long as the performance of the computer can be used, there is not much difference between processing these data at home and processing these things in Jinling.

So he stayed at home and continued to complete the analysis work.

Relying on his understanding of inertial neutrinos in his previous life, Xu Chuan could easily find what he needed from the data analyzed by Nantah University.

This process is like panning for gold in a small river containing gold sand. Use the most primitive tools to wash out the tiny gold particles hidden in the numerous sand and gravel bit by bit, gather them together, and finally smelt them into gold bricks. .

Of course, sifting out useful data from massive collision data is much more difficult than panning for gold from river sand, especially when looking for a brand new particle.

Although theoretical physics sometimes makes some analysis and speculation on the characteristics of the target, in fact, no one knows what the characteristics and information of the target particle in the high-energy level collision look like.

This is like the process of panning for gold. The originally golden gold may now be black, or it may be earthy yellow, and it is more likely to be similar in shape to sand.

In this case, it is no less difficult to distinguish them accurately than to let people fly into the sky without even giving them wings.

But fortunately, he has enough inert neutrino information data in his mind, and he has a good understanding of every known form of it.

In the study room, Xu Chuan held the mouse in his hand and manipulated the Adobe Illustrator drawing software to draw the last pixel on the Daritz map.

Click, save, and when a new picture was generated in the folder named 'Inert Neutrino Darritz Picture', he sat up straight and let out a long sigh of relief.

This is a very common particle resonance Daritz diagram, which shows the mutual interference of the resonance states of the final particles in the particle collider collected by the ATLCE detector, the angular distribution of the final particles, and the matrix element structure of the physical process and other parameters.

Judging from the energy level data, there is nothing worthy of analysis or attention.

But it has a not-so-obtrusive dip in the corner of the key curve that shows the resonance.

If you open all the other Daritz diagrams in this folder, you will be surprised to see that these concave points will be connected into a ︺-shaped arc.

This is exactly the information displayed by the resonance state of the sterile neutrino.

Of course, strictly speaking, the Daritz diagram cannot fully express the characteristics of inert neutrinos. After all, its original intention is a two-dimensional diagram that describes the density distribution of physical events.

In addition to the constant mass, kinetic energy and other information that can be displayed in the Daritz diagram, the inertial neutrino also has some other information that cannot be described.

Of course, this has something to do with the LHC's detectors. The current scientific and technological means used by the detectors cannot observe dark matter at all, and naturally they cannot completely display all the information.

However, it is enough to convince the public, or convince CERN that this is a brand new particle that has never been discovered and found in the physics world.

With the current amount of data, coupled with his analysis and theory, the confidence level of the existence of inert neutrinos has reached above 3sigma.

Sigma is a standard used by statistics to express the standard deviation, that is, the degree of dispersion of the data, and is represented by σ in the Greek letter.

If you have studied probability theory, you must be familiar with this thing.

In statistics or probability theory or other courses, a very common sentence is called the 3sigma principle, which means that the confidence level above 3sigma is already very high, and it can be considered basically correct.

3sigma, also known as "three times the standard deviation method", is a statistical criterion used to measure the normal range of a specific sample combination for a specific test item.

The principle of the 3σ calculation formula is that if the standard deviation of a test result is S, then 99.7% of the results will be within the mean±3S range.

Therefore, if a test has a standard deviation equal to 1, then 99.7% of the test outcomes will be between mean±3.

If you don't understand these things well, the simplest thing is that you can understand that 3sigma means that the probability of this happening is above 99.73%.

Of course, in the field of physics, especially in the fields of high-energy physics and particle physics, the confidence level of judging whether a new particle exists must be at least 5 sigma or higher.

The 5-sigma confidence level can be understood as 99.99994% of the observed results are real results, but there is a 0.00006% possibility that this result is actually just an experimental error.

Just like the Higgs particle.

In fact, the Higgs particle has been observed many times before it was officially announced in 2013, but the confidence level is lower than 5sigma.

If the confidence level is lower than 5sigm, then this phenomenon is called a "sign" in high-energy physics or academia, and cannot be determined as a "discovery".

Until 2013, the preliminary experimental results announced by the Superconducting Loop Detector Experiment (hereinafter referred to as "ATLAS") and the Compact Particle Coil Experiment (hereinafter referred to as "CMS") of the Large Hadron Collider showed that at 125 to 126GeV There is a new particle in the mass interval, and the confidence level reaches 5.1 sigma.

It is now fully confirmed that the Higgs particle has been discovered.

In particle physics, 5 sigma is considered the threshold for a discovery, which almost means more than 99.9999% certainty.

Only when this level can be achieved can it be confirmed that this is a new type of particle, not an experimental error, or other things like interference.

For Xu Chuan, the things he made were clearly below the 5sigma confidence level.

But he is sure to use this data to say that CERN will include the observation of inert neutrinos in the collision arrangement in the follow-up collision experiment.

As long as there is more data, he can make more confidence, so that the sterile neutrino can be found out of the hidden void!

With a smile on his face, Xu Chuan checked all the Daritz diagrams and data he had drawn. After confirming that there were no problems, he said goodbye to his family and set off back to Jinling.

The Dariz map and the required data have been produced, and the rest is to compile these things into a report file, and then communicate with CERN.

But before he started working, a call came to his cell phone.

"Hi, hello." Xu Chuan answered the phone and asked.

"Hey, Professor Xu, I didn't disturb your research." A smiling voice came from the other end of the phone. Hearing this voice, Xu Chuan immediately knew who it was.

"No, no, what's the matter with me, Master Qin?" Xu Chuan said hastily.

"It's like this. Regarding the letter you wrote years ago and the scientific and technological achievements of nuclear waste research, there are still some things in the science and technology department that may not be understood. I wonder if you have time recently, Professor Xu. Our side I want to arrange for someone to come and talk to you."

After a pause, Qin Anguo added: "Of course, if you don't have time, you can talk about it later."

Xu Chuan thought for a while and said, "May I ask how long it will take?"

Qin Anguo smiled and said: "It won't be very long, about two or three days. After all, you can't delay your research. It's mainly about radiation energy conversion, and there are still some things you don't understand that need to be explained."

Xu Chuan nodded and said, "Okay, when will the person you arranged come over?"

Hearing this, Qin Anguo quickly said: "If it's convenient for you, how about I arrange to visit you tomorrow?"

"Okay, then I'll wait at home." Xu Chuan replied.

"Professor Xu, please, then I won't disturb you for now."

After hanging up the phone, Xu Chuan glanced at the phone with a black screen and smiled.

In the letter he sent to the above years ago, some things in it have unsurprisingly attracted attention.

Think about it too, how can you not be tempted when facing a technology that can absorb radiant energy.

Not to mention its economic value, even the value brought by its application in certain aspects is enough to make people salivate.

Shaking his head, Xu Chuan began to write report materials on the 'inert neutrinos'.

With the materials already prepared, one day is enough for him to perfect these things.

After processing the report materials on the inert neutrinos, the next day, the people arranged by the science and technology department also rushed over.

"Chief Qin, Academician Peng. Welcome."

In the courtyard, Xu Chuan greeted the personnel arranged by the science and technology department with a smile. What he didn't expect was that Qin Anguo, the leader of the science and technology department, came over in person.

"Hahahaha, Professor Xu, long time no see. The New Year just passed was good." Qin Anguo walked up quickly, warmly shook Xu Chuan's hand and greeted him with a smile.

Xu Chuan smiled and said, "Very good."

Qin Anguo laughed, turned around and introduced to the people behind him, "This is Professor Xu."

"This is Academician Peng Hongxi, whom you have known for a long time; this is Academician Wang Yangang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who mainly studies electromagnetic fields; this is Academician Jia Lin of the Academy of Engineering, who mainly studies materials science and optoelectronic technology; this is Aeronautical Academician Fan Pingbo of the Academy."

Xu Chuan smiled and greeted one by one: "Academician Peng, Academician Wang, Academician Jia"

In this exchange, there were only four people brought by Qin Anguo, but all four of them could be said to be the top of the pyramid in their respective fields.

After greeting a few people and exchanging pleasantries, Xu Chuan brought the group into the villa.

In the villa, a group of people chatted for a while before getting to the point.

Qin Anguo cleared his mind, straightened his posture and asked, "I'm here to bother you this time, because I have a technical and theoretical question about radiation utilization."

Xu Chuan nodded and said, "Tell me."

Qin Anguo said cautiously: "In the "Nuclear Beta Radiation Energy Concentration and Conversion Electric Energy Mechanism Project", Professor Xu, you developed a 'radiation gap band' technology specifically for beta rays and gamma rays, which can absorb and utilize radiant energy, and convert it into electrical energy."

"We want to know, can this technology be applied to traditional electromagnetic waves, extremely short radio waves, infrared rays and other fields?"

"If so, what should we do?"

After the words fell, several people in the living room cast their gazes over.

Regarding the technology of radiation energy absorption and conversion, that kind of 'radiation gap', several people present here have the authority and have learned some information.

However, due to the fact that this technology belongs to the latest cutting-edge technology, only Xu Chuan has mastered it at present. Even if everyone has read some information, they still don't understand it in detail.

At least they can't think of what to do in a short time to apply it in the desired direction.

If you give enough time, maybe you can think of a way to study it.

But the above can't wait that long. After all, it is related to the performance of the stealth fighter, and the sooner it can be developed, the better.

Originally, the higher-ups planned to consult Xu Chuan immediately after the new year, but when they contacted Zheng Hai, they received feedback that he was doing his own research, so they waited patiently until he returned to Jinling. Just called to communicate.

Hearing Qin Anguo's question, Xu Chuan smiled and said, "They're all my own people, and it's safe enough here, so I just ordered it. The above is to apply this technology to the stealth coating material, right? "

Qin Anguo nodded, but it was an academician named Fan Pingbo from the Aeronautics Research Institute who answered the question.

"Yes, we need this new type of material very much. Years ago, you provided a 'Radiation Gap Material'. We tested it and found that its absorption utilization rate for β-rays and γ-rays is quite high, which is amazing. More than forty percent."

"If it can be transformed into the absorption of radiation such as traditional electromagnetic waves, extremely short radio waves, and infrared rays, it will be a huge change in the stealth material industry."

"You know, stealth is the signature feature of fifth-generation fighter jets, and it's also a key factor in determining whether a fighter jet can take the initiative in modern air combat."

"The higher the stealth capability, the more the fighter can evade the detection and locking of the enemy's radar, so as to gain the opportunity and advantage."

"The stealth paint can usually contribute about 10% of the stealth effect of the stealth fighter, which is already a very important part of the stealth effect."

"If it can be raised from 10 percent to more than 40 percent, it will be a qualitative leap."

"so."

Academician Fan Pingbo explained briefly, and Xu Chuan asked curiously: "Do traditional stealth materials account for such a low proportion of the stealth fighter's stealth effect? ​​Only 10%?"

He doesn't know much about these things, after all, they are not in his own field, but he vaguely knows that the coating on the stealth fighter has a great influence on the stealth effect of the fighter.

When Fan Pingbo said that it was only 10%, he was very surprised. He originally thought that the stealth effect of the fighter plane was basically due to the stealth coating.

Fan Pingbo explained with a smile: "Professor Xu, you may not know much about this aspect. Ten percent, this is the effect that can only be achieved after four generations or more."

"For example, the most famous B-2 in the United States, although it is a second-generation stealth aircraft, its stealth performance has surpassed the traditional fifth-generation aircraft."

"According to our understanding, it uses a variety of composite stealth materials, but even so, the coating's stealth effect only accounts for about 15% of the overall stealth performance."

After a pause, he continued: "Even so, the stealth coating used on b2 is still the most advanced level in the world."

"In comparison, the current stealth coating materials in our country are indeed quite inferior, so we urgently need a new type of stealth coating material to break through the opponent's restrictions."