South China Sea Myth

The legend of the boat-shaped house: Princess Tanya broke the house rules, and her father couldn't bear to execute her directly, so he put her on a rudderless boat, brought food, and a dog, and left her daughter to her fate. Princess Tanya went down the sea to a lonely island, and in order to escape the wind and rain and defend herself from wild beasts, she went up the hill and cut a few wooden stakes, erected them on the beach, and then pulled the boat ashore and put it on the stakes to make a roof. Later, the board of the boat was rotten, and she cut thatch to cover the roof, which is the origin of today's Li boat-shaped house. The boat-shaped house has the characteristics of a boat, and the oldest form of housing in the Li village, the elevated boat type, is like an upside-down boat.

Now, in order to help Huang Mei complete the research on the boat-shaped house and write a review of the ship-shaped house oil painting, Dr. Mythology has driven to several Li Autonomous Counties - Qiongzhong, Baisha, Changjiang, Wuzhishan, Baoting, and Dongfang. Found some Li villages, although the boat-shaped house gradually disappeared, but the newly built brick houses, you can still see the cultural imprint of the boat-shaped house.

They met Fu Xiaofang, a deputy to the Hainan Provincial People's Congress and a woman of the Li nationality in Baisha, who once went to Baicha Old Village for research, and she told me that the tropical rainforest in Hainan is the main traditional settlement of the Li people, and the traditional architecture of the Li settlement in Hainan is an indispensable part of it, which has rich historical and cultural value. The boat-shaped house, a traditional building of the Li nationality, is a product of a specific historical environment, carries the unique survival emotions of the Li people, has rich resource value and research value, and is a symbol of the Li culture. Dongfang Baicha Old Village, known as the last ancient village of Li boat-shaped houses in Hainan Province, you can go there to explore the traces of boat-shaped houses.

Some scholars in Hainan have repeatedly mentioned boat-shaped houses and Baicha Old Village. Hainan oil painter, like to go to Baicha Old Village to sketch boat-shaped houses. Hainan photographers have gone to Baicha Old Village to take pictures of boat-shaped houses.

Dr. Myth drove to the old village of Baicha. Baicha Old Village is a traditional village settlement inhabited by Mei Fo Li in Jiangbian Township, Dongfang City, surrounded by mountains on three sides, surrounded by green waters and green mountains, and an ecological settlement. The entrance of Baicha Village is located on the southwest side of the village, which is connected with the village road to facilitate the traffic inside and outside the village. At the entrance of the village, there is a plaque in the style of the Li nationality, exuding the simple beauty of Li style and elegance. The image of two Li girls carrying burdens is particularly vivid. The engraved six characters of "Baicha Traditional Village" are unique in ingenuity. According to legend, the ancestors of Baicha Village originally lived on the Jianfeng Ridge, more than 100 years ago, in order to escape the invasion of a flying insect called "Bai Fang Split" in Li language, three times changed its location, and finally settled here. There is a muddy field at the edge of the village, and there are many thick-bark trees growing on the edge of the field, "Baicha", which is called "Becha" in the Meifu Li dialect, and "Be" is a muddy field with water, and "Cha" is a thick-bark tree. Therefore, the village is called "Bai Cha" according to the Li transliteration.

From ancient times to the present, the villagers' choice of living site has been said to be "the integration of mountains, waters, villages and fields". In order to prevent typhoons, prevent animal damage, protect from the sun, use water conveniently, and do not occupy farmland, the principle of site selection can be summarized as "three reliance and one clean", the so-called three reliance, one is close to cultivated land, convenient for growing grain, the second is close to the stream, convenient for drinking water, and the third is close to the forest, convenient for fuel and building materials.

Yang Yang asked, what does "one clean" mean? Li Ping replied that it is necessary not only to avoid damage to crops caused by wild animals and insect pests, but also to prevent intrusion into the lives of villagers. I observed that the settlement of Baicha Village is surrounded by mountains, Baishiling, Jumping Patian, and Outangling, and the village settlement environment is verdant and verdant, and the materials used for the construction of boat-shaped houses are convenient. A number of streams surround the settlement, which is convenient for drinking and irrigating farmland. The proximity of Baicha Village to the mountains and forests is conducive to typhoon protection and for logging and hunting.

The ancestors of the Li nationality, surrounded by mountains and close to streams, chose gentle slopes to build boat-shaped houses. The slope is the base, the back of the mountain, the river in front of the river, and the terraced fields are the typical layout principles of Lizhai. This way of living can be described as living in harmony with the surrounding environment. It is not only a reflection of the original state of life, but also the spiritual relics of ancient civilization. The ancestors of the Li nationality adapted measures to local conditions and chose a way of life that suited them. However, due to the inconvenience of transportation, it is difficult to communicate with the outside world, and the economy is relatively backward. Now, with the development of village-level roads, Baicha Village has developed rural tourism and has become wealthy.

The traditional architecture of the Li nationality in Hainan has a long history, and the earliest text can be tested in the Song Dynasty. At that time, there were two forms of Li people's housing buildings: the first was nest dwelling, according to the record in "Taiping Huanyu Ji, Lingnan Road Thirteen": "There are Yi people, there is no city outline, and they live differently." ...... It is called Shengli, and the nest is deep". The nest dwelling of the Li people in the Song Dynasty was inherited from the Jin Dynasty "Zhuya people are all nesting".

The second type is the "dry bar" type of building. "Ganlan", also known as "Malan", is a relatively common form of residence of the Baiyue ethnic group in the south. According to the "Wei Shu Biography", the bureaucrats "rely on the tree to build blocks, and live on them, and the name is Ganqi". In short, the characteristics of the dry-bar building are: people at the top and livestock at the bottom. This kind of dry column building uses bamboo and wood as the "shed", so it is also called "shed".

Before the boat-shaped houses of the Li people, there were two earliest forms of human dwelling, caves and nests. From the perspective of archaeological excavations, the earliest dwelling of human beings was the use of natural caves, thus forming the cultural sites of ancient humans. The use of natural dwellings is limited by the ability of humans to conquer nature. With the development of productive forces, the ancestors of the Li nationality lived a life of cave dwelling and nesting where conditions permitted, and built the earliest artificial dwellings. According to the analysis of ethnological data, the earliest and simplest artificial dwelling of the Li people is "Shanliao". In order to take care of the crops, people cut down the mountain fence during the agricultural production season, so they built a small raised thatched house in the mountain fence garden as a temporary place for patrolling, resting, eating, and driving away wild beasts.

Huang Mei said that in my sketches of Li Village and boat-shaped houses, I observed tall broad-leaved forests and shrubs, villages surrounded by tropical fruits such as coconut, mango, betel nut, lychee, and jackfruit, and understood the natural pattern of Li settlements. In the villages and residential culture retained by the Li nationality, the overall layout of the Li villages is relatively casual, reflecting the beauty of "clear water out of hibiscus, natural carving". The spacing between Li dwellings is usually different in width and narrowness, mainly to meet the needs of production and life.

Li Ping's tour guide said that for the villagers to set up a gate at the intersection of the village and dig a defensive ditch. This defense system can prevent foreign invasion and prevent livestock from running into the fields to destroy crops. The Li boat-shaped house is closely integrated with the environment, topography and landform of the area, and the boat-shaped house is protected from external erosion by using the natural environment. For example, the Li village was built at the foot of the mountain to prevent typhoons, and it was built on a small hillside to prevent flooding.

Li

villages pay attention to the original ecology of building materials, and the barns that have been handed down to this day - in the traditional villages of the Li nationality, great attention is paid to fire safety, once there is a fire in the village, the grain will not be burned. This is a summary of the experience and lessons learned. The boat-shaped house of the ancestors of Lizhai used to be a low-stilted boat-shaped house, and the furniture and food in the house were washed away by the flood, and because the boat-shaped house was behind the forest, snakes often entered the room directly. Once it is not careful, the snake thinks that if a person attacks it, it will bite the Li mountain people, so there is a stilt boat-shaped house.