Starting My Treasure Hunting In England

Chapter 618 Arrangement.

Classification, loading and other work lasted for several days. The only thing to be thankful for was that Liang En had already carried out a rough classification work during that time, so the work pressure now is much less.

Finally, with three days left before Christmas, they finally completed the final cleaning and sorting work. Just when Liang En walked into Jeanne's room and was about to jump him for dinner, he found her sitting at the desk, doing Look at an ancient document.

"'Debate on the Effectiveness of Indulgences', what are you doing with this document?" After taking a look at the paper, Liang En recognized the document he had taken out from a metal bucket.

"Because I think this document is well written." Joan of Arc, who was taking notes while looking at the translator of the document on her cell phone, closed the notes and said. “It’s closer to the divine, at least theologically.”

The document Joan of Arc is looking at now has a more famous name called "Ninety-Five Theses", which was posted by Martin Luther on the door of All Saints Church in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517. debate outline.

The whole thing starts with indulgences, which were only printed and issued in 1300. Traditionally, those who made donations or performed penance for religious reasons were absolved by the church.

Therefore, indulgences, which represent the church’s forgiveness, do not themselves have the effect of absolving sins. They only indicate that sinners have made atonement for their sins after accepting God’s forgiveness.

But this has led to misunderstandings among believers, who believe that indulgences have the function of pardoning sins. As long as you get an indulgence, you can be forgiven no matter what kind of sin you have committed. Therefore, the indulgence is regarded as an amulet that allows you to commit any crime.

Faced with this misunderstanding among believers, the church did not correct it. Instead, in order to fill its own financial void, it took the opportunity to issue indulgences on a large scale.

The indulgences issued in 1300 brought the Pope very considerable income, so the Pope decided to issue indulgences every 100 years. By 1400, in order to ease the financial pressure on the Holy See, indulgences were issued every 50 years.

By 1450 it was changed to every 25 years, in 1501 it was announced every five years, and in 1506 it was issued once a year. In 1515, during the reign of Pope Leo X, a large number of indulgences were issued in the name of raising funds to build Peter's Basilica.

It also stipulates that as long as the bishop of each diocese pays a large sum of money in advance, he can have full authority to sell indulgences in his diocese.

For this reason, many parishes borrowed money from banks to obtain agency rights. In order to pay off the loans as quickly as possible, banks assisted the parishes in selling indulgences everywhere. For a time, indulgences became a commodity that could be bought and sold at will.

The bishop of Martin Luther's diocese also borrowed money from a bank to obtain the right to sell indulgences. In order to repay the loan, he sent the monk Tetzeler to conduct deceptive lobbying everywhere, encouraging believers to buy indulgences.

They even shouted the sentence that will be infamy for generations to come: When the coins are thrown into the money box and jingle, the soul will fly into heaven.

There is a famous story that the priest said to the believers: "You put in the money, and now I see that your father's left leg has stepped out of the flames of purgatory, and only the right leg is still in the fire. Keep adding more money!" The man said : "No need. My father doesn't have a right leg!"

Against this background, in order to protest against the sale of indulgences by the Holy See, Martin Luther pasted his own debate outline on the door of All Saints Church in Wittenberg, Germany, on October 31, 1517.

In the "Theses", Martin Luther refuted the practice of selling "indulgences" and opposed the method of using money to atone for sins. Luther argued that the pope did not have the power to absolve people of their sins, so it was wrong to say that indulgences could absolve people.

Luther not only questioned the efficacy of indulgences, but also exposed the essence of indulgences - exploitation. Its significance is that it was the first time that it publicly denied the Catholic teaching that sins can be atoneed only through the church and the pope. class is widely accepted.

Luther's move angered the Holy See. As the situation developed, the "Theses" became the trigger for the religious reform movement. The whole of Europe was involved in long-term debates and even wars until 1555, according to "August" Treaty of Fort", Lutheranism gained legal status.

Historically, just as the theses written by Martin Luther were posted outside the door of the university church in accordance with the tradition of religious debates at that time, he also made many copies and distributed them to his colleagues.

The document that Liang En obtained now was one of the dozens of documents printed at that time. It could be said that it came from the same printing plate as the document posted on the church door.

So from a historical perspective, this is a very precious cultural relic, but for Liang En, it always feels unreal to see Joan of Arc having a high opinion of this thing.

After all, Joan of Arc is a Catholic saint, and this thing is obviously against Catholicism and the church, so it is always a strange feeling to watch Joan of Arc read this document and give it a high evaluation.

"Do you think it's a little strange that I appreciate these articles?" After seeing Liang En's expression, Joan of Arc immediately understood what Liang En was thinking.

"A bit, but I soon understood your thoughts." Liang En smiled and said after being asked by Joan, "For you, gods are gods, and other than gods, everyone is a mortal, and so is the church. Is not it?"

"Yes, that's it, so Martin Luther's statement of justification by faith is very consistent with my point of view." Joan of Arc said, gently touching the scroll in front of her with her gloved hand. "It would be great if I could meet this scholar."

"Maybe I really hope to see him in the future." Liang En nodded and said, "Okay, hurry up and get dressed and go have dinner. If you go late, some of the dishes may be gone."

Early the next morning, Liang En followed the motorcade to Prague. Since he had already contacted the Czech Republic, he passed all the checkpoints along the way smoothly.

The director of the museum in the Czech Republic is a Frenchman who worked at the Louvre before. Later, he came to the Czech Republic for some personal reasons, so after an inspection, he was hired by Mr. Skold as the director of the museum.

"It seems that you have brought a lot of good collections this time, Mr. Liang." After reading the list with photos, Mr. Pavel, the person in charge of the museum, looked at the items being moved from the car with a look of interest. Speaking of.

No wonder he was excited, because the original museum has basically become a subsidiary institution of the Mucha Museum, and there are very few ordinary visitors except those visiting students.

As the person in charge of the museum, Mr. Pavel naturally does not want such a huge gap between the two museums. Unfortunately, as a museum that is not particularly well-known, it is difficult for them to collect enough cultural relics even if they have money.

Because for those cultural relic holders, they often prefer to send those things to big museums first. Unless others don't want them, they will come to Liang En and others to try their luck.

As a result, the quantity and quality that Liang En and the others could get were not satisfactory, and most of them were not suitable for display in museums. Therefore, they did not collect many valuable things during this period.