The Sun and the Lion

This table contains some titles that appear in the article

King of Kings: A title similar to the emperor, representing Jesus in Christianity.

Padishah: A title similar to King of Kings, mainly used by Ottoman monarchs.

Shahzad: means Crown Prince.

Shahbanu: King's Wife, held for the principal consort of the King of Kings

Shah: From Persian, meaning king.

Sultan: The original meaning is authority, and later developed various extended meanings. Most of them are general terms for monarchs and dignitaries. In the Safavid dynasty, it was one of the titles of senior military officers.

Mirza/Mirzan: It is mostly used to address male royal members who are not monarchs. Depending on the specific relationship between the person being addressed and the monarch, it can be translated as prince, etc. It is basically used in the Iranian court.

Malik: From Arabic, meaning king.

Khan: the title of the leader of the steppe nomadic tribe, and also one of the titles of senior military officers in the Safavid Dynasty

Khanum: A general term for aristocratic women.

Bey/Berk: meaning chief, is a general term for local rulers and officials, and was one of the senior military officer titles in the Safavid dynasty.

Ulema: Meaning of jurists.

Emir: A general term used for nobles and rulers.

Caliph: meaning successor, usually used to refer to the successor of the Prophet. This word is also used by Sufis. The Iranians also call the Armenian bishop the caliph.

Mullah: A general term for a person who has received a complete religious education