I can extract side effects

It turned out that these 6 baboons were successfully operated at the beginning, and the transplanted kidneys and islets performed normal functions.

But after a month, all kinds of problems started to appear.

Not only is the urine output less and less, but normal blood creatinine cannot be cleared.

After the kidneys were biopsied, it was found that the kidneys were damaged to varying degrees, and blood clots also appeared in the blood vessels.

Huang Qin pondered for a while and said, "Have you considered stopping the use of immunosuppressants?"

Xiao Gao was taken aback: "Isn't the immune rejection even more severe?"

"But you haven't found any evidence of immune rejection, have you?" Huang Qin asked back.

Xiao Gao was immediately speechless when asked.

"What is happening now is that the period of acute immune rejection has passed, and even if there is chronic immune rejection, there is no detectable evidence."

"There are two possibilities. One is that the immune gene we modified has played a role in eliminating or delaying chronic immune rejection."

"The other is that the immunosuppressant is too powerful, which not only prevents chronic immune rejection, but also damages the function of the transplanted kidney."

"So it's pretty clear what to do next."

"The remaining 5 baboons were divided into two control groups, one group stopped the immunosuppressant, and the other group remained as usual."

"Watch, what happens with chronic immune rejection, and see how many days the baboons can last."

"Because it is impossible for us to develop a special immunosuppressant for baboons, we can only use human drugs, which is also a no-brainer."

"However, as long as the symptoms and principles of chronic immune rejection are clarified, it will be much easier to solve the source."

"As for the blood clots caused by blood pressure problems, I can't think of a good solution yet. I can only record them first and put them aside."

In a moment, Huang Qin quickly gave a solution.

At the same time, he was also thinking about whether he should go back to the company and find an expert to consult.

There is definitely a difference in blood pressure between a pig, which is on all fours, and a primate that can walk upright, let alone a human.

Even the blood pressure of the baboons can't bear it. If it were an adult, the consequences would be unimaginable.

This problem must be solved before xenotransplantation can have a future.

Thinking of this, he left in a hurry and drove to Sanqing headquarters.

*****

"You mean, even if the pig's organs are genetically modified, it's hard to withstand human high blood pressure?"

"That's an interesting discovery."

Ding Mian showed a thoughtful expression, and lay back, leaning comfortably on the large leather sofa.

He even raised his legs and placed them on the coffee table in front of him. With a black suit and black pants, and a lazy expression, he looked like a black swan stretching his mind and body.

"Humans have indeed paid a lot of price in order to walk upright."

Xue Shen agreed casually, opened three cans of Coke one by one, and pushed them in front of everyone.

"I naturally know that walking upright plays an extremely important role in human beings, but everything has both advantages and disadvantages, and the disadvantages of walking upright are also visible to the naked eye."

Huang Qin sat opposite, frowning into a distinct Sichuan character, and said slowly.

"First, walking upright shifts the weight of the body from the extremities to the hind limbs, increasing the burden on the legs, causing severe joint wear and tear, and problems with the spine, which is the main reason why humans are prone to joint diseases and herniated discs. "

"Secondly, after humans stand, the distance between their legs narrows and the pelvis shrinks, which leads to the narrowing of the female birth canal, which prevents the fetus from fully developing in the body."

"When a human baby is born, it is actually a semi-finished product. It cannot grow up as fast as other animals. Instead, it has to go through a long early childhood period. It is not until the age of 3 that the brain is fully developed."

"This takes up a lot of mother's time, and it also leads to the division of labor between men and women in human society, which promotes the development of society. Although women's birth risks and the risk of infant death have increased, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages."

"In the end, that's the problem we're facing now."

"After walking upright, the height increases, which increases the difficulty of blood supply to the brain, and increases the burden on the heart and blood vessels. This is also the reason why cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are rushing to break out as people get older."

"Well, our bodies, after all, were not designed from the beginning, but evolved with natural conditions. Along the way, we adhered to the principle of making do, so as we developed later, there were more and more problems. People can't bear to see it."

The other two also nodded, expressing emotion.

"This body, which is full of patches and the chromosomes are full of virus fragments, really makes those who hear it cry and those who see it feel sad."

"Walking upright, the original body can't bear it, and needs to be repaired constantly. If you don't walk upright, and you don't have brain evolution, you don't have IQ, and you can't complete the body repair work. This is a closed loop."

"This is the meaning of our existence, to sew and mend the human body, to continue life and civilization."

"Without modern medicine, human life expectancy would not be so high."

"The feeling of being so cold at a high place is just as lonely as snow."

"Let me introduce myself grandly, Nuwa's disciple, the greatest tinker, the god of bug repair, and a small expert in patching, that's me."

As soon as Ding Mian's pretentious words came out, the corners of Huang Qin's mouth twitched suddenly.

As expected of Crazy Ding, he thought to himself, he became depressed for a moment, and he didn't know whether he was looking for the other party this time, whether he was looking for the right person or the wrong one.

Fortunately, the two did not continue to play freely, but consciously returned to the topic.

"All your baboons are dead?" Ding Mian asked after taking a sip of Coke.

"No, no, one is dying of kidney failure, and the others are still alive, but they are starting to show some symptoms."

"How many days has this dying person lived?" Xue Shen also took a sip and asked.

"Today is the 52nd day after the operation, and I don't think I will survive 60 days."

"I remember that to meet the clinical criteria, you have to survive for more than 6 months, so that's still far from it."

"I think it can be rescued. There are still 5 baboons left, and one or two of them should last for more than 6 months."

Huang Qin was a little uncertain, but felt that his luck should not be that bad.

After all, the previous research was smooth sailing. Why did it come to the clinical field, but there are pitfalls everywhere.

Ding Mian shrugged and held up his Coke: "Then I wish you good luck."

"Don't, I'm not asking you to find a solution." Huang Qin became anxious in an instant.

Ding Mian tilted his head, thought for 5 seconds, rolled his eyeballs, and said.

"I have two paths, one is easy and the other is difficult, which one do you choose?"

Huang Qin hesitated, "An easy way?"

Ding Mian didn't expect this answer either, so he couldn't help being stunned.

"Brother, you really don't play cards according to common sense."

"Shouldn't you let me name both and choose the hard way?"

Huang Qin curled his lips: "What are you thinking, of course which one is easier to choose, do you think you are telling an inspirational story?"

Ding Mian shook his head again and again: "You, Brother Qin, you have changed, I remember you were not so utilitarian before."

Huang Qin spread his hands: "You didn't say anything about the two questions, I don't know what it is, so it must be the safest choice."

"Okay, okay, stop bickering. Talk about serious business." Xue Shen couldn't see it from the sidelines, and hurriedly stopped the two elementary school students from continuing to run away.

Ding Mian looked solemn, and said: "Then let me talk about the simple way first."

"You can continue to genetically modify the blood vessels of pigs, as well as blood clotting genes, so that pigs can adapt to the human environment of high blood pressure."

"Or wait for the baboon to survive for 6 months and meet the clinical standards, find a brain-dead patient, connect the pig kidney to his blood vessels, and use it as an extracorporeal dialysis machine. After a few times in this way, you will definitely find improvement. room."

"Finally, there is another trick, which is to study better immunosuppressive drugs targeting pig organs, and even antihypertensive drugs."

"These are all feasible ideas. If you try more, you should be able to solve some of the problems."

Huang Qin was taken aback for a moment: "What you said, no method is easy."

Then he changed his mind, and said joyfully, "That's right, I'll try them one by one, and I'm sure I'll be able to make a lot of improvements, and finally prolong the patient's life."

"Hehe, how long can the solution that treats the symptoms but not the root cause be extended."

Ding Mian let out a long sigh and shook his head, acting as if you are so short-sighted and I am too lazy to tell you more.

Huang Qin was speechless again, and looked at Xue Shen as if asking for help.

Xue Shen smiled slightly and persuaded: "Xiao Mian, stop making trouble. Tell me about the other method. If you don't tell me, how will people know which one to choose?"

"Ahem, okay." Ding Mian said seriously: "Actually, you know the difficult way, and you still have to take the path of stem cells."

"We have also discussed before that xenotransplantation is only the first step in development."

"Now that you've completed step one, it's time to move on to step two."

"Knock out all the genes related to the pig's kidney, and then inject human iPS pluripotent stem cells into it to create a genetically modified pig with a pig heart and human kidney, so as to obtain a real human kidney. Only such an organ transplant can be successful."

"If you just put the pig's organ into the human body, no matter what, it doesn't belong to human beings, and there is an essential difference at the cellular level."

Huang Qin suddenly showed embarrassment: "Huh? Did you take a long step?"

"We have just reached the first step, and you just let us take the next 99 steps and reach the goal in one step."

"I don't want to? I really can't do it."

"Besides, the immune system of pigs has not been thoroughly studied yet, so it is only a few humanized genes that have been introduced. It has not yet reached the point of breaking the species barrier."

"We encountered a little difficulty, but it's not impossible to use pig kidneys. We still have to keep our feet on the ground and take it step by step."

Xue Shen also nodded in agreement and said: "Huang Qin is a mature and prudent way, Xiao Mian, you are still a little drifting."

Ding Mian shook his head: "I'm not drifting away, but I'm really researching, and I really have achieved results."

He looked at Huang Qin with firm eyes.

"In my hands, iPS pluripotent stem cells have been able to differentiate into various human cells, and you have verified the feasibility of xenotransplantation."

"I don't understand what else can stop us from overcoming the barrier of species together."

"This..." Huang Qin fell silent for a moment.

Ding Mian continued: "You should get your doctorate soon, you can come back to the company, let's work on this big project together."

"The field of xenotransplantation is in the ascendant, and all parties have entered the field. If you want to continue to go down, you can only compete with everyone on the same track."

"But my path is a brand new world, and no one has ever set foot on it."

"Once we have a breakthrough, we will be like Pangu who created the world."

"Even if you don't believe in yourself, you should believe in my ability."

As soon as these words came out, Huang Qin couldn't help laughing.

"Xiao Ding, you are as confident as ever... ah."

When the words came to his lips, he finally controlled himself and did not say the words "overconfident".

Ding Mian didn't say any more, just smiled lightly.

"Think about it, the door on my side will always be open to you."

Huang Qin nodded, but didn't say anything dead.

To be honest, in fact, he was a little confused.

Originally, he also had the same idea as Ding Mian, to do pig kidney transplantation first, and then inject human pluripotent stem cells into pigs to grow real human kidneys after the research is almost done.

But the research on the pig kidney went so well that he was reluctant to give up now, and went on a more difficult path.

In Ding Mian's words, although pig kidney transplantation has encountered many difficulties, it can still be saved by trying every means.

If you continue to study in depth, you can still make a lot of achievements.

Even if you want to go the way of Ding Mian, there is no need to go so early.

You can wait until this road is blocked, and then change the direction.

So he was a little hesitant.

"Okay, now that you've finished talking, I'm relieved." Xue Shen changed the subject calmly.

"How is it? Huang Qin, are you still used to your campus life in the past two years?"

"At any rate, you have a company project, and you have money in your hands. You must be living in style."

"I think back then, when I was studying for a Ph. D., I was poor and down and out. It was even more pitiful than a social animal."

When talking about his Ph.D. career, Xue Shen suddenly had a runny nose and tears.

"At that time, I really had no money. I slept in the laboratory every day and worked hard for the tutor. The subsidy was only 3,000 yuan a month. Which one of you is as miserable as I am?"

Ding Mian and Huang Qin shook their heads together.

"It's really not as miserable as you. The scholarship I got in Eagle Country is enough for me to live, and I can go to the surrounding areas every year for a while." Ding Mian cast a sympathetic look.

Huang Qin opened his mouth, just wanting to comfort Xue Shen, saying that his junior brother's subsidy is less than three thousand a month.

But when he thought that it was before he went, he immediately shut his mouth again.

"Actually, I also understand that 3,000 yuan is not bad. The problem is that my family is poor, and my parents are old and have children. When I get a Ph. D., I will not be able to work long ago. I still expect some money to go back every month. Hey, I'm not like you."

"Brother almost couldn't stand the temptation back then, and went the wrong way."

"I once had an opportunity to be taken care of by a rich woman, but I didn't cherish it. If I could go back in time and do it again, I would tell that rich woman, I am willing!"

Xue Shen looked up at the ceiling with a sigh, as if immersed in memories.

"Puff~" Huang Qin spit out a mouthful of Coke in an instant, and quickly lowered his head, so that he didn't spray it on Ding Mian, but spit it on the carpet.

Ding Mian said cheerfully: "Brother Xue, you are also in the wind, you are so handsome, and you are also an Olympic champion. No matter whether you are a rich woman or a rich and beautiful woman, you have to bow down under your suit pants."

Huang Qin wiped the corners of his mouth and nodded quickly: "That's right, brother Xue, with your body, you can break the world record in any marathon run. You must be strong and strong, and you are definitely the favorite of rich women."

"By the way, brother Xue, you are in your early 30s, and you can be considered successful in your career. Why haven't you married yet? Do you have someone you like?"

As soon as the words were finished, a shy expression suddenly appeared on Xue Shen's face.

His heart moved, and he was about to continue to inquire.

But hearing Ding Mian's outspokenness, he said it all at once.

"You don't know that, brother Xue has a big heart recently, and he is chasing a beautiful woman."

"The two are fighting fiercely. I think good things are coming soon."

"Is it from the company? Do I know it?" Huang Qin's heart of gossip burned instantly.

Ding Mian approached and said in a low voice: "Sister-in-law is very powerful, Mr. Sun, do you know him, he has a crush on her daughter."

"Just that Sun Xiaoshi? Her father is one of the few shareholders of our company." Huang Qin was so shocked that his voice trembled.

"That's right, how about I say Brother Xue has high vision, and only Bai Fumei like this is the one he likes."

Ding Mian whispered and stripped Xue Shen's underpants clean.

"Sun Meimei came to work in the company after graduation. She seems to be in the administration department. I don't know how they hooked up."

"Brother Xue is seven or eight years older than her. She doesn't mind, and they say that men hurt people when they are old."

"It's just that the family backgrounds of the two parties are very different. I'm afraid it will be difficult for my father-in-law."

Huang Qin didn't take it seriously: "Brother Xue is considered an executive in the company, right? He has a bright future, and people still care about this?"

"Boss Wei appreciates him so much, he will definitely speak up for him."

"Okay, okay, aren't you talking about work? Why is it related to my personal affairs?"

Xue Shen looked over with shame and anger, and shouted in a low voice: "Xiao Ding, you still talk about me, why don't you think about yourself."

"Your mother calls me every day and asks me to introduce you to a girlfriend. Besides, I will arrange a blind date for you tomorrow."

When Ding Mian heard this, his face immediately collapsed: "I'm still young, brother, okay, I won't compare blindly."

"Let's talk about serious business, let's say, about this stem cell..."